Improvement of in vivo anticancer and antiangiogenic potential of thalidomide derivatives

AbstractThe strategy of antiangiogenic drugs is based on inhibiting formation of new blood vessels as alternative to limit cancer progression. In this work, we investigated the antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of eight thalidomide derivatives. Most of the molecules was not cytotoxic but 2a, 2d and 3d revealed weak antiproliferative activity on HL-60, Sarcoma 180 (S180) and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thalidomide, 2a and 2b were able to inhibit tumor growth (53.5%, 67.9% and 67.4%, respectively) in S180-bearing mice and presented moderate and reversible toxicity on liver, kidneys and spleens. Both analogs (2a and 2b) inhibited cell migration of endothelial (HUVEC) and melanoma cells (MDA/MB-435) at 50μg/mL. Immunohistochemistry labeling assays with CD-31 (PECAM-1) antibody showed microvascular density (MVD) was significantly reduced in thalidomide, 2a and 2b groups (30±4.9, 64.6±1.8 and 46.5±19.5%, respectively) (p<0.05). Neovascularization evaluated by Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM) with compounds 2a and 2b showed reduction of vessels’ number (12. 9±2.3 and 14.8±3.3%), neovascularization area (13.1±1.7 and 14.3±1.7%) and total length of vessels (9.2±1.5 and 9.9±1.9%). On the other hand, thalidomide did not alter vascularization parameters. Consequently, addition of thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore group into the phthalimidic ring improved the in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of the analogs 2a and 2b

O PAPEL DO DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMAGEM RADIOLÓGICO NO COMBATE À COVID-19

Introduction: Diagnostic imaging has played a key role in the Covid-19 frontline, os its diagnostic imaging exams allow the medical team to evaluate the structures affected by the virus. Objective: To demonstrate the relevance of diagnostic imaging in the context of Covid-19. Metodologia: It was based on an integrative Literature Review, through the guiding question "What is the role of diagnostic radiological imaging in combating Covid-19?'‘. The following electronic databases were used: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and International Health Sciences Literature (MEDLINE) through the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Thus, 147 publications were detected, of which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles, published in the period from 2019 to 2021, were selected for the sample of this review. Results: Computed tomography (CT) and then X-ray. This is because CT allows the thoracic region to be evaluated in all dimensions, identifying changes already at the beginning. The X-ray, in turn, is more limited, allowing visualization of only the most severe changes in the lung. Final considerations: It can be concluded that CT, in relation to X-rays, presents a greater possibility of diagnosis because of its complexity in demonstrating the structure in focus with a wealth of details.Introducción: El diagnóstico por imagen ha prestado un papel fundamental en la línea de frente al Covid-19, ya que sus exámenes de diagnóstico por imagen permiten al equipo médico una evaluación de las estructuras afectadas por el virus. Objetivo: Demostrar la relevancia del diagnóstico por imagen en el contexto del COVID-19. Metodología: Se basa en una revisión integradora de la literatura, a través de la pregunta norteamericana "¿Cuál es el papel del diagnóstico por imagen radiológica en el combate a la Covid-19?". Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Literatura Internacional en Ciencias de la Salud (MEDLINE) a través del Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Así, se detectaron 147 publicaciones, de las cuales, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 14 artículos, publicados en el periodo comprendido entre 2019 y 2021, para la muestra de esta revisión. Resultados: La tomografía computarizada (TC) y luego la radiografía. Esto se debe a que la TC permite evaluar la región torácica en todas sus dimensiones, identificando los cambios ya desde el principio. La radiografía, por su parte, es más limitada y sólo permite visualizar los cambios más graves en el pulmón. Consideraciones finales: Se concluye que la tomografía en relación a las radiografías presenta mayores posibilidades diagnósticas por su complejidad para demostrar con gran detalle la estructura enfocada.Introdução: O diagnóstico por imagem tem prestado um papel fundamental na linha de frente a Covid-19, pois seus exames de diagnóstico imagens possibilitam à equipe médica uma avaliação das estruturas afetadas pelo vírus. Objetivo: Demonstrar a relevância do diagnóstico por imagem no contexto da COVID-19. Metodologia: Baseou-se em uma Revisão integrativa de literatura, através de questão norteadora “Qual o papel do diagnóstico por imagem radiológico no combate à Covid-19?’’. Utilizou-se as bases de dados eletrônicas: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE) por meio do Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e a Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Assim, detectaram-se 147 publicações, das quais, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados para a amostra desta revisão 14 artigos, publicados no período de 2019 a 2021. Resultados: A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e, em seguida, o raio X. Isso porque a TC permite avaliar a região torácica em todas as dimensões, identificando mudanças já no início. O raio X, por sua vez, é mais limitado, permitindo visualizar apenas alterações mais graves no pulmão. Considerações finais: Conclui-se, que a tomografia em relação às radiografias apresenta maior possibilidade de diagnóstico por conta de sua complexibilidade em demonstrar com riqueza de detalhes a estrutura em foco

O 6º objetivo da agenda dos ODS da ONU: Debates sobre água segura y saneamento básico universalizado.

El proyecto de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) No. 540: Procesos pedagógicos y didácticos para la enseñanza de los derechos humanos y la convivencia pacífica, coordinado por la Dra. Marcela Moreno Buján, con la cooperación académica del proyecto de extensión docente Grupo de Pesquisa Derecho y Sustentabilidad (GPDS), coordinado por el Dr. Carlos Peralta Montero, han unido esfuerzos para organizar y publicar la Colección “Comunidad Académica y COVID 19”. Esta colección, conformada por tres volúmenes, forma parte de la sistematización de experiencias relacionadas con las temáticas abordadas por el TCU No. 540 y el GPDS. Este volumen está compuesto por doce capítulos, desarrollados por veintiocho académicos costarricenses, brasileños y colombianos donde se reflexiona de manera interdisciplinaria sobre el sexto objetivo de la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU en el contexto de pandemia actual.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard

Adição de soro de leite e café na qualidade do doce de leite pastoso Addition of whey and coffe in the quality of dulce de leche paste

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da substituição de leite por soro de leite e o efeito da adição de café na qualidade química e sensorial do doce de leite. Foi utilizado um fatorial completo 2², com dois níveis (±1) com a adição de três pontos centrais (0) e dois níveis de pontos axiais (±1,41). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pela metodologia estatística de superfície de resposta e os dados do teste de aceitação foram analisados pela metodologia de mapa de preferência. Os resultados indicaram que o aumento da concentração de soro de leite aumentou o teor de umidade e diminuiu o teor de proteína e de gordura. A adição de café alterou somente a umidade dos doces. A análise da superfície de resposta para a composição dos doces mostrou que o teor máximo de substituição de leite por soro para se fabricar doce de leite seria de 37%. Pelo mapa de preferência, observou-se que os doces preferidos pelos consumidores foram os da formulação 1 e 2. O fator determinante na escolha dos doces foi a concentração de café, visto que os consumidores optaram pelas amostras com baixas concentrações de café independente da concentração de soro, possibilitando com isso a utilização do soro de leite e do café na fabricação do doce de leite, obtendo assim um novo produto.<br>This research was carried out with the objective to verify the effect of substitution of milk for whey and the addition effect of coffee in the quality chemical and sensory of dulce de leche. A full factorial was used 2², with two levels (± 1) with the addition of three central points (0) and two levels of axial points (±1.41). The data were analyzed by statistical methodology of response surface and the data obtained with the acceptance testing was assessed using preference mapping. The results indicated that the increased concentration of whey increased the moisture content and yield of sweet and decreased protein and fat. The addition of coffee changed the moisture of candy. The response surface analysis for the composition of sweets showed that the maximum substitution of milk whey to produce dulce de leche would be 37%. For the preference map, observed that the sweets preferred by consumers were the formulation 1 and 2. The determining factor in their choice of sweet was the concentration of coffee, since that consumers preferred the samples with low concentrations of coffee independent of the concentration of whey, enabling with this the use of whey in the manufacture of dulce de leche, thus obtaining a new product

Desenvolvimento dos estômagos de bezerros recebendo diferentes dietas líquidas Development of the stomachs of calves receiving different liquid diets

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos estomacais de bezerros mestiços submetidos a diferentes dietas líquidas. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições: Leite integral; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral; e 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral adicionado de biotina. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, o ganho de peso, o peso absoluto e relativo (ao peso do corpo vazio e peso do estômago completo) dos quatro compartimentos estomacais, além da altura das papilas de quatro regiões do rúmen. As dietas testadas não afetaram nenhuma das características avaliadas, ficando evidenciada uma relação entre o desempenho dos animais e o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos gástricos. O desenvolvimento dos estômagos de bezerros não foi afetado pelas dietas líquidas testadas, sendo, portanto, possível a substituição de 50% do leite integral por soro de queijo.<br>This research evaluated the influence of different liquid diets on development of the stomach compartments of crossbred calves. It was used 24 crossbred calves distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications: whole milk, 50% whole milk + 50% of cheese whey, 50% whole milk + 50% cheese whey supplemented with a whole egg; whole milk and 50% + 50% of cheese whey a supplemented with a egg added with biotin. I was evaluated the dry matter intake, weight gain, absolute and relative weight (weight of the empty body and weight stomach full) of the four stomach compartments, and papillae height of four rumen regions. The experimental diets did not affect any of the traits, being shown a relationship between animal performance and development of gastric compartments. The development of calf stomachs was not affected by the tested liquid diets, therefore enabling the replacement of 50% of milk for cheese whey